Reducing the availability of concentration of heavy metals, including lead, zinc, and cadmium, is very important in soil, because it is directly related to soil, water, and plant pollution. Therefore, polymers, which are soil amendment materials, have been developed to reduce these pollutions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different water-soluble polymers on reducing the mobility and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium, as well as on corn growth in agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals around the Anguran lead and zinc mine. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, involving three factors: polymer type (cationic, anionic, and non-ionic), different levels of acrylic copolymers (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), and one type of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Corn was used as a bioindicator, and before planting, the total and bioavailable concentrations of lead, zinc, and cadmium in the soil were measured. After harvest, the dry weight and heavy metal concentrations in the roots and shoots of the corn plants were determined. The results showed that as the contact time between the polymer and soil increased the mobility of heavy metals in the soil decreased. Additionally, with higher polymer application rates, the immobilization of metals in the soil increased, with the anionic polymer immobilizing lead, zinc, and cadmium to a greater extent. However, polymer application reduced plant growth; root length, root volume, and other vegetative traits were highest in the control soil, followed by non-ionic, cationic, and anionic polymer treatments, respectively. In conclusion, the use of these polymers in contaminated soils is recommended due to their ability to reduce the mobility of lead, zinc, and cadmium and improve soil stability and aggregate formation. However, because of the negative impact of acrylic polymers on corn growth, their application for heavy metal immobilization in cultivated soils is not advised.