Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) is one of the major challenges for sustainable soil management in agricultural systems. This problem reduces soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil moisture and potato cultivars on SLCH during harvesting. A randomized complete block design was conducted with three soil moisture levels (irrigation at 5, 10, and 15 days before harvesting) and ten potato cultivars. The results showed that the highest SLCH occurred at the highest soil moisture level (5 days before harvesting), which was more than ten times higher than the lowest SLCH observed at 15 days before harvesting. Significant differences among cultivars were also detected; cultivars such as Innovator, Banba, and Red Scarlet showed the lowest SLCH, whereas Fontane, Challenger, and Agria exhibited the highest values. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between tuber morphological traits and SLCH, highlighting the dominant role of soil moisture. These findings emphasize the importance of proper soil moisture management and optimal harvest timing to reduce SLCH, while the selection of suitable cultivars can serve as a complementary strategy.